Sykes's Warbler 1 Call 1: the “zak” call of a Sykes’s Warbler, Karaoy, south of Lake Balkhas, Kazakhstan, 8th July 2005. A very short call lasting only one-hundreth of a second. Most of the energy is at about 4,000Hz.

Booted Warbler Call 2: the “dsrak” call of a Booted Warbler, Kurgaldzino, near Astana, Kazakhstan, 3rd July 2005. There is a weak pre-syllable, while the main syllable is longer than the “zak” of Sykes’s Warber. Most of the energy is concentrated below 4,000Hz.

Sykes's Warbler 2 Call 3: the rattle of a Sykes’s Warbler, Kurgaldzino, Kazakhstan, 3rd July 2005. A quite high-pitched and fast rattle.

Red-throated Diver Gavia stellata

Black-throated Diver Gavia arctica arctica

Great Northern Diver Gavia immer

White-billed Diver Gavia adamsii

Pied-billed Grebe Podilymbus podiceps podiceps

Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis ruficollis

Great Crested Grebe Podiceps cristatus cristatus

Red-necked Grebe Podiceps grisegena grisegena

American Red-necked Grebe Podiceps grisegena holboellii

Slavonian Grebe Podiceps auritus auritus

Black-necked Grebe Podiceps nigricollis nigricollis

Black-browed Albatross Diomedea melanophris melanophris

Fulmar Fulmarus glacialis glacialis

Fea's Petrel Pterodroma feae

Black-capped Petrel Pterodroma hasitata hasitata

Bulwer's Petrel Bulweria bulwerii

Cory's Shearwater Calonectris diomedea borealis

Great Shearwater Puffinus gravis

Sooty Shearwater Puffinus griseus

Manx Shearwater Puffinus puffinus

Balearic Shearwater Puffinus mauretanicus

Yelkouan Shearwater Puffinus yelkouan

Little Shearwater Puffinus assimilis baroli

Wilson's Petrel Oceanites oceanicus exasperatus

White-faced Petrel Pelagodroma marina hypoleuca

Storm Petrel Hydrobates pelagicus

Leach's Petrel Oceanodroma leucorhoa leucorhoa

Swinhoe's Petrel Oceanodroma monorhis

Madeiran Petrel Oceanodroma castro

Gannet Morus bassanus

Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo carbo

Continental Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis

Double-crested Cormorant Phalacrocorax auritus auritus

Shag Phalacrocorax aristotelis aristotelis

Mediterranean Shag Phalacrocorax aristotelis desmarestii

White Pelican Pelecanus onocrotalus

Magnificent Frigatebird Fregata magnificens

Common Bittern Botaurus stellaris stellaris

American Bittern Botaurus lentiginosus

Little Bittern Ixobrychus minutus minutus

Night Heron Nycticorax nycticorax nycticorax

Green Heron Butorides virescens

Squacco Heron Ardeola ralloides

Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis ibis

Little Egret Egretta garzetta garzetta

Great White Egret Egretta alba alba

American Great White Egret Egretta alba egretta

Grey Heron Ardea cinerea cinerea

Purple Heron Ardea purpurea purpurea

Black Stork Ciconia nigra

White Stork Ciconia ciconia ciconia

Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus falcinellus

Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia leucorodia

Greater Flamingo Phoenicopterus ruber roseus

Mute Swan Cygnus olor

Bewick's Swan Cygnus bewickii

Whistling Swan Cygnus columbianus

Whooper Swan Cygnus cygnus

Taiga Bean Goose Anser fabalis fabalis

Tundra Bean Goose Anser fabalis rossicus

Pink-footed Goose Anser brachyrhynchus

White-fronted Goose Anser albifrons albifrons

Greenland White-fronted Goose Anser albifrons flavirostris

Pacific White-fronted Goose Anser albifrons frontalis

Lesser White-fronted Goose Anser erythropus

Greylag Goose Anser anser anser

Eastern Greylag Goose Anser anser rubrirostris

Lesser Snow Goose Anser caerulescens caerulescens

Greater Snow Goose Anser caerulescens atlanticus

Ross's Goose Anser rossii

Canada Goose Branta canadensis canadensis

Lesser Canada Goose Branta canadensis parvipes

Todd's Canada Goose Branta canadensis interior

Richardson's Canada Goose Branta canadensis hutchinsii

Taverner's Canada Goose Branta canadensis taverneri

Barnacle Goose Branta leucopsis

Pale-bellied Brent Goose Branta hrota

Dark-bellied Brent Goose Branta bernicla

Black Brant Branta nigricans

Red-breasted Goose Branta ruficollis

Egyptian Goose Alopochen aegyptiacus

Ruddy Shelduck Tadorna ferruginea

Shelduck Tadorna tadorna

Wood Duck Aix sponsa

Mandarin Duck Aix galericulata

Wigeon Anas penelope

American Wigeon Anas americana

Falcated Duck Anas falcata

Gadwall Anas strepera

Baikal Teal Anas formosa

Common Teal Anas crecca

Green-winged Teal Anas carolinensis

Mallard Anas platyrhynchos platyrhynchos

Black Duck Anas rubripes

Pintail Anas acuta acuta

Garganey Anas querquedula

Blue-winged Teal Anas discors

Shoveler Anas clypeata

Marbled Duck Marmaronetta angustirostris

Red-crested Pochard Netta rufina

Canvasback Aythya valisineria

Pochard Aythya ferina

Redhead Aythya americana

Ring-necked Duck Aythya collaris

Ferruginous Duck Aythya nyroca

Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula

Scaup Aythya marila marila

Lesser Scaup Aythya affinis

Common Eider Somateria mollissima mollissima

Northern Eider Somateria mollissima borealis

King Eider Somateria spectabilis

Steller's Eider Polysticta stelleri

Harlequin Duck Histrionicus histrionicus

Long-tailed Duck Clangula hyemalis

Common Scoter Melanitta nigra

Black Scoter Melanitta americana

Surf Scoter Melanitta perspicillata

Velvet Scoter Melanitta fusca fusca

American White-winged Scoter Melanitta fusca deglandi

Bufflehead Bucephala albeola

Barrow's Goldeneye Bucephala islandica

Goldeneye Bucephala clangula clangula

Hooded Merganser Lophodytes cucullatus

Smew Mergellus albellus

Red-breasted Merganser Mergus serrator

Goosander Mergus merganser merganser

Ruddy Duck Oxyura jamaicensis jamaicensis

White-headed Duck Oxyura leucocephala

Honey Buzzard Pernis apivorus

Black Kite Milvus migrans migrans

Red Kite Milvus milvus milvus

White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla

Bald Eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus -

Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus percnopterus

Griffon Vulture Gyps fulvus fulvus

Black Vulture Aegypius monachus

Short-toed Eagle Circaetus gallicus

Marsh Harrier Circus aeruginosus aeruginosus

Hen Harrier Circus cyaneus cyaneus

Marsh Hawk Circus cyaneus hudsonius

Pallid Harrier Circus macrourus

Montagu's Harrier Circus pygargus

Goshawk Accipiter gentilis gentilis

American Goshawk Accipiter gentilis atricapillus

Sparrowhawk Accipiter nisus nisus

Common Buzzard Buteo buteo buteo

Steppe Buzzard Buteo buteo vulpinus

Rough-legged Buzzard Buteo lagopus lagopus

Spotted Eagle Aquila clanga

Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos chrysaetos

Booted Eagle Hieraaetus pennatus

Osprey Pandion haliaetus haliaetus

Lesser Kestrel Falco naumanni

Common Kestrel Falco tinnunculus tinnunculus

American Kestrel Falco sparverius sparverius

Red-footed Falcon Falco vespertinus

Merlin Falco columbarius aesalon

Icelandic Merlin Falco columbarius subaesalon

Hobby Falco subbuteo subbuteo

Eleonora's Falcon Falco eleonorae

Saker Falcon Falco cherrug

Gyr Falcon Falco rusticolus

Peregrine Falco peregrinus peregrinus

American Peregrine Falco peregrinus -

Red Grouse Lagopus scoticus

Ptarmigan Lagopus mutus millaisi

Black Grouse Tetrao tetrix britannicus

Capercaillie Tetrao urogallus urogallus

Red-legged Partridge Alectoris rufa rufa

Grey Partridge Perdix perdix perdix

Quail Coturnix coturnix coturnix

Common Pheasant Phasianus colchicus colchicus

Ring-necked Pheasant Phasianus colchicus torquatus

Golden Pheasant Chrysolophus pictus

Lady Amherst's Pheasant Chrysolophus amherstiae

Water Rail Rallus aquaticus aquaticus

Spotted Crake Porzana porzana

Sora Porzana carolina

Little Crake Porzana parva

Baillon's Crake Porzana pusilla intermedia

Corncrake Crex crex

Moorhen Gallinula chloropus chloropus

Allen's Gallinule Porphyrula alleni

American Purple Gallinule Porphyrula martinica

Purple Gallinule Porphyrio porphyrio -

Coot Fulica atra atra

American Coot Fulica americana americana

Common Crane Grus grus grus

Sandhill Crane Grus canadensis canadensis

Demoiselle Crane Anthropoides virgo

Little Bustard Tetrax tetrax

Macqueen's Bustard Chlamydotis macqueenii

Great Bustard Otis tarda tarda

Oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus ostralegus

Black-winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus himantopus

Avocet Recurvirostra avosetta

Stone Curlew Burhinus oedicnemus oedicnemus

Cream-coloured Courser Cursorius cursor cursor

Collared Pratincole Glareola pratincola pratincola

Oriental Pratincole Glareola maldivarum

Black-winged Pratincole Glareola nordmanni

Little Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius curonicus

Ringed Plover Charadrius hiaticula hiaticula

Tundra Ringed Plover Charadrius hiaticula tundrae

Semipalmated Plover Charadrius semipalmatus

Killdeer Charadrius vociferus vociferus

Kentish Plover Charadrius alexandrinus alexandrinus

Lesser Sand Plover Charadrius mongolus -

Greater Sand Plover Charadrius leschenaultii -

Caspian Plover Charadrius asiaticus

Dotterel Charadrius morinellus

American Golden Plover Pluvialis dominica

Pacific Golden Plover Pluvialis fulva

Golden Plover Pluvialis apricaria

Grey Plover Pluvialis squatarola

Spur-winged Plover Vanellus spinosus

Sociable Plover Vanellus gregarius

White-tailed Plover Vanellus leucurus

Lapwing Vanellus vanellus

Great Knot Calidris tenuirostris

Siberian Knot Calidris canutus canutus

Greenland Knot Calidris canutus islandica

Sanderling Calidris alba

Semipalmated Sandpiper Calidris pusilla

Western Sandpiper Calidris mauri

Red-necked Stint Calidris ruficollis

Little Stint Calidris minuta

Temminck's Stint Calidris temminckii

Long-toed Stint Calidris subminuta

Least Sandpiper Calidris minutilla

White-rumped Sandpiper Calidris fuscicollis

Baird's Sandpiper Calidris bairdii

Pectoral Sandpiper Calidris melanotos

Sharp-tailed Sandpiper Calidris acuminata

Curlew Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea

Purple Sandpiper Calidris maritima

Southern Dunlin Calidris alpina schinzii

Northern Dunlin Calidris alpina alpina

Greenland Dunlin Calidris alpina arctica

Broad-billed Sandpiper Limicola falcinellus falcinellus

Siberian Broad-billed Sandpiper Limicola falcinellus sibiricus

Stilt Sandpiper Micropalama himantopus

Buff-breasted Sandpiper Tryngites subruficollis

Ruff Philomachus pugnax

Jack Snipe Lymnocryptes minimus

Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago gallinago

Faeroe Snipe Gallinago gallinago faeroeensis

Wilson's Snipe Gallinago delicata

Great Snipe Gallinago media

Short-billed Dowitcher Limnodromus griseus -

Long-billed Dowitcher Limnodromus scolopaceus

Woodcock Scolopax rusticola

Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa limosa

Icelandic Black-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa islandica

Hudsonian Godwit Limosa haemastica

Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa lapponica lapponica

Little Whimbrel Numenius minutus

Eskimo Curlew Numenius borealis

Whimbrel Numenius phaeopus phaeopus

Hudsonian Whimbrel Numenius hudsonicus

Slender-billed Curlew Numenius tenuirostris

Curlew Numenius arquata arquata

Upland Sandpiper Bartramia longicauda

Spotted Redshank Tringa erythropus

Common Redshank Tringa totanus totanus

Icelandic Redshank Tringa totanus robusta

Marsh Sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis

Greenshank Tringa nebularia

Greater Yellowlegs Tringa melanoleuca

Lesser Yellowlegs Tringa flavipes

Solitary Sandpiper Tringa solitaria solitaria

Green Sandpiper Tringa ochropus

Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola

Terek Sandpiper Xenus cinereus

Common Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos

Spotted Sandpiper Actitis macularia

Grey-tailed Tattler Heteroscelus brevipes

Turnstone Arenaria interpres interpres

Wilson's Phalarope Phalaropus tricolor

Red-necked Phalarope Phalaropus lobatus

Grey Phalarope Phalaropus fulicarius

Pomarine Skua Stercorarius pomarinus

Arctic Skua Stercorarius parasiticus

Long-tailed Skua Stercorarius longicaudus longicaudus

American Long-tailed Skua Stercorarius longicaudus pallescens

Great Skua Catharacta skua skua

Great Black-headed Gull Larus ichthyaetus

Mediterranean Gull Larus melanocephalus

Laughing Gull Larus atricilla megalopterus

Franklin's Gull Larus pipixcan

Little Gull Larus minutus

Sabine's Gull Larus sabini

Bonaparte's Gull Larus philadelphia

Black-headed Gull Larus ridibundus

Slender-billed Gull Larus genei

Ring-billed Gull Larus delawarensis

Common Gull Larus canus canus

Russian Common Gull Larus canus heinei

Baltic Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus fuscus fuscus

Western Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus fuscus graellsii

Continental Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus fuscus intermedius

Scandinavian Herring Gull Larus argentatus argentatus

Herring Gull Larus argentatus argenteus

American Herring Gull Larus argentatus smithsonianus

Yellow-legged Gull Larus michahellis

Caspian Gull Larus cachinnans

Iceland Gull Larus glaucoides glaucoides

Kumlien's Gull Larus glaucoides kumlieni

Thayer's Gull Larus thayeri

Glaucous Gull Larus hyperboreus hyperboreus

Greenland Glaucous Gull Larus hyperboreus leuceretes

Great Black-backed Gull Larus marinus

Ross's Gull Rhodostethia rosea

Kittiwake Rissa tridactyla tridactyla

Ivory Gull Pagophila eburnea

Gull-billed Tern Gelochelidon nilotica nilotica

Caspian Tern Sterna caspia

Royal Tern Sterna maxima maxima

Lesser Crested Tern Sterna bengalensis torresii

Elegant Tern Sterna elegans

Sandwich Tern Sterna sandvicensis sandvicensis

American Sandwich Tern Sterna sandvicensis acuflavida

Roseate Tern Sterna dougallii dougallii

Common Tern Sterna hirundo hirundo

Arctic Tern Sterna paradisaea

Aleutian Tern Sterna aleutica

Forster's Tern Sterna forsteri

Bridled Tern Sterna anaethetus melanoptera

Sooty Tern Sterna fuscata fuscata

Little Tern Sterna albifrons albifrons

Least Tern Sterna antillarum antillarum

Whiskered Tern Chlidonias hybridus hybridus

Black Tern Chlidonias niger niger

American Black Tern Chlidonias niger surinamensis

White-winged Black Tern Chlidonias leucopterus

Northern Guillemot Uria aalge aalge

Southern Guillemot Uria aalge albionis

Arctic Guillemot Uria aalge hyperborea

Brünnich's Guillemot Uria lomvia lomvia

Razorbill Alca torda islandica

Northern Razorbill Alca torda torda

Black Guillemot Cepphus grylle arcticus

Ancient Murrelet Synthliboramphus antiquus

Little Auk Alle alle alle

Franz Josef Land Little Auk Alle alle polaris

Puffin Fratercula arctica grabae

Northern Puffin Fratercula arctica arctica

Pallas's Sandgrouse Syrrhaptes paradoxus

Rock Dove Columba livia livia

Stock Dove Columba oenas oenas

Woodpigeon Columba palumbus palumbus

Collared Dove Streptopelia decaocto decaocto

Turtle Dove Streptopelia turtur turtur

Rufous Turtle Dove Streptopelia orientalis orientalis

Mourning Dove Zenaida macroura carolinensis

Ring-necked Parakeet Psittacula krameri -

Great Spotted Cuckoo Clamator glandarius glandarius

Cuckoo Cuculus canorus canorus

Black-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus erythrophthalmus

Yellow-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus americanus

Barn Owl Tyto alba alba

Dark-breasted Barn Owl Tyto alba guttata

Scops Owl Otus scops scops

Snowy Owl Nyctea scandiaca

Hawk Owl Surnia ulula ulula

American Hawk Owl Surnia ulula caparoch

Little Owl Athene noctua vidalii

Tawny Owl Strix aluco sylvatica

Long-eared Owl Asio otus otus

Short-eared Owl Asio flammeus flammeus

Tengmalm's Owl Aegolius funereus funereus

Nightjar Caprimulgus europaeus europaeus

Red-necked Nightjar Caprimulgus ruficollis -

Egyptian Nightjar Caprimulgus aegyptius -

Common Nighthawk Chordeiles minor minor

Chimney Swift Chaetura pelagica

White-throated Needletail Hirundapus caudacutus caudacutus

Common Swift Apus apus apus

Pallid Swift Apus pallidus brehmorum

Pacific Swift Apus pacificus pacificus

Alpine Swift Apus melba melba

Little Swift Apus affinis galilejensis

Common Kingfisher Alcedo atthis ispida

Belted Kingfisher Ceryle alcyon

Blue-cheeked Bee-eater Merops persicus -

European Bee-eater Merops apiaster

Roller Coracias garrulus garrulus

Hoopoe Upupa epops epops

Wryneck Jynx torquilla torquilla

Yellow-shafted Flicker Colaptes auratus -

Green Woodpecker Picus viridis viridis

Yellow-bellied Sapsucker Sphyrapicus varius

Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopus major anglicus

Northern Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopus major major

Lesser Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopus minor comminutus

Eastern Phoebe Sayornis phoebe

Calandra Lark Melanocorypha calandra -

Bimaculated Lark Melanocorypha bimaculata -

White-winged Lark Melanocorypha leucoptera

Short-toed Lark Calandrella brachydactyla -

Lesser Short-toed Lark Calandrella rufescens -

Crested Lark Galerida cristata cristata

Woodlark Lullula arborea arborea

Skylark Alauda arvensis arvensis

Shore Lark Eremophila alpestris flava

Northern Horned Lark Eremophila alpestris alpestris

Sand Martin Riparia riparia riparia

Tree Swallow Tachycineta bicolor

Crag Martin Ptyonoprogne rupestris

Swallow Hirundo rustica rustica

Red-rumped Swallow Hirundo daurica rufula

Cliff Swallow Hirundo pyrrhonota pyrrhonota

House Martin Delichon urbica urbica

Richard's Pipit Anthus novaeseelandiae richardi

Blyth's Pipit Anthus godlewskii

Tawny Pipit Anthus campestris campestris

Olive-backed Pipit Anthus hodgsoni yunnanensis

Tree Pipit Anthus trivialis trivialis

Pechora Pipit Anthus gustavi gustavi

Meadow Pipit Anthus pratensis pratensis

Hebridean Meadow Pipit Anthus pratensis whistleri

Red-throated Pipit Anthus cervinus

Rock Pipit Anthus petrosus petrosus

Hebridean Rock Pipit Anthus petrosus meinertzhageni

Shetland Rock Pipit Anthus petrosus kleinschmidti

Scandinavian Rock Pipit Anthus petrosus littoralis

Water Pipit Anthus spinoletta spinoletta

American Buff-bellied Pipit Anthus rubescens rubescens

Blue-headed Wagtail Motacilla flava flava

Spanish Wagtail Motacilla flava iberiae

Yellow Wagtail Motacilla flava flavissima

Ashy-headed Wagtail Motacilla flava cinereocapilla

Sykes's Wagtail Motacilla flava beema

Grey-headed Wagtail Motacilla flava thunbergi

White-headed Wagtail Motacilla flava leucocephala

Eastern Blue-headed Wagtail Motacilla flava simillima

Black-headed Wagtail Motacilla feldegg

Citrine Wagtail Motacilla citreola -

Grey Wagtail Motacilla cinerea cinerea

White Wagtail Motacilla alba alba

Pied Wagtail Motacilla alba yarrellii

Waxwing Bombycilla garrulus garrulus

Cedar Waxwing Bombycilla cedrorum

Hebridean Dipper Cinclus cinclus hibernicus

British Dipper Cinclus cinclus gularis

Black-bellied Dipper Cinclus cinclus cinclus

Continental Dipper Cinclus cinclus aquaticus

British Wren Troglodytes troglodytes indigenus

European Wren Troglodytes troglodytes troglodytes

Shetland Wren Troglodytes troglodytes zetlandicus

Fair Isle Wren Troglodytes troglodytes fridariensis

Hebridean Wren Troglodytes troglodytes hebridensis

St Kilda Wren Troglodytes troglodytes hirtensis

Northern Mockingbird Mimus polyglottos polyglottos

Brown Thrasher Toxostoma rufum rufum

Grey Catbird Dumetella carolinensis

Dunnock Prunella modularis occidentalis

Hebridean Dunnock Prunella modularis hebridium

Continental Dunnock Prunella modularis modularis

Alpine Accentor Prunella collaris collaris

Rufous Bush Robin Cercotrichas galactotes galactotes

Robin Erithacus rubecula melophilus

Continental Robin Erithacus rubecula rubecula

Thrush Nightingale Luscinia luscinia

Nightingale Luscinia megarhynchos megarhynchos

Eastern Nightingale Luscinia megarhynchos hafizi

Siberian Rubythroat Luscinia calliope

Red-spotted Bluethroat Luscinia svecica svecica

White-spotted Bluethroat Luscinia svecica cyanecula

Siberian Blue Robin Luscinia cyane cyane

Red-flanked Bluetail Tarsiger cyanurus cyanurus

White-throated Robin Irania gutturalis

Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros gibraltariensis

Eastern Black Redstart Phoenicurus ochruros ochruros

Common Redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus phoenicurus

Ehrenberg's Redstart Phoenicurus phoenicurus samamisicus

Moussier's Redstart Phoenicurus moussieri

Whinchat Saxicola rubetra

Stonechat Saxicola torquata hibernans

Caucasian Stonechat Saxicola torquata variegata

Siberian Stonechat Saxicola maura

Isabelline Wheatear Oenanthe isabellina

Common Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe oenanthe

Greenland Wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe leucorhoa

Pied Wheatear Oenanthe pleschanka

Western Black-eared Wheatear Oenanthe hispanica hispanica

Eastern Black-eared Wheatear Oenanthe hispanica melanoleuca

Levant Desert Wheatear Oenanthe deserti deserti

Western Desert Wheatear Oenanthe deserti homochroa

Eastern Desert Wheatear Oenanthe deserti atrogularis

White-crowned Black Wheatear Oenanthe leucopyga -

Rock Thrush Monticola saxatilis

Blue Rock Thrush Monticola solitarius -

White's Thrush Zoothera dauma aurea

Siberian Thrush Zoothera sibirica sibirica

Varied Thrush Zoothera naevia meruloides

Wood Thrush Hylocichla mustelina

Hermit Thrush Catharus guttatus -

Swainson's Thrush Catharus ustulatus swainsonii

Grey-cheeked Thrush Catharus minimus minimus

Bicknell's Thrush Catharus bicknelli

Veery Catharus fuscescens -

Ring Ouzel Turdus torquatus torquatus

Alpine Ring Ouzel Turdus torquatus alpestris

Blackbird Turdus merula merula

Eyebrowed Thrush Turdus obscurus

Naumann's Thrush Turdus naumanni naumanni

Dusky Thrush Turdus naumanni eunomus

Red-throated Thrush Turdus ruficollis

Black-throated Thrush Turdus atrogularis

Fieldfare Turdus pilaris

British Song Thrush Turdus philomelos clarkei

Hebridean Song Thrush Turdus philomelos hebridensis

Continental Song Thrush Turdus philomelos philomelos

Redwing Turdus iliacus iliacus

Icelandic Redwing Turdus iliacus coburni

Mistle Thrush Turdus viscivorus viscivorus

American Robin Turdus migratorius migratorius

Cetti's Warbler Cettia cetti cetti

Fan-tailed Warbler Cisticola juncidis -

Lanceolated Warbler Locustella lanceolata

Pallas's Grasshopper Warbler Locustella certhiola rubescens

Southern Pallas's Grasshopper Warbler L. c. sparsimstriata

Grasshopper Warbler Locustella naevia naevia

Eastern Grasshopper Warbler Locustella naevia straminea

River Warbler Locustella fluviatilis

Savi's Warbler Locustella luscinioides luscinioides

Moustached Warbler Acrocephalus melanopogon melanopogon

Aquatic Warbler Acrocephalus paludicola

Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus

Paddyfield Warbler Acrocephalus agricola capistrata

Blyth's Reed Warbler Acrocephalus dumetorum

Marsh Warbler Acrocephalus palustris

Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus scirpaceus

Caspian Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus fuscus

Great Reed Warbler Acrocephalus arundinaceus arundinaceus

Thick-billed Warbler Acrocephalus aedon aedon

Western Olivaceous Warbler Hippolais pallida opaca

Eastern Olivaceous Warbler Hippolais pallida elaeica

Booted Warbler Hippolais caligata caligata

Sykes's Warbler Hippolais caligata rama

Icterine Warbler Hippolais icterina

Melodious Warbler Hippolais polyglotta

Marmora's Warbler Sylvia sarda

Dartford Warbler Sylvia undata dartfordiensis

Spectacled Warbler Sylvia conspicillata conspicillata

Western Subalpine Warbler Sylvia cantillans cantillans

Eastern Subalpine Warbler Sylvia cantillans albistriata

Sardinian Warbler Sylvia melanocephala melanocephala

Rüppell's Warbler Sylvia rueppelli

Eastern Desert Warbler Sylvia nana

Western Orphean Warbler Sylvia hortensis

Barred Warbler Sylvia nisoria nisoria

Lesser Whitethroat Sylvia curruca curruca

Siberian Lesser Whitethroat Sylvia curruca blythi

Desert Lesser Whitethroat Sylvia curruca minula

Common Whitethroat Sylvia communis communis

Eastern Whitethroat Sylvia communis icterops

Garden Warbler Sylvia borin borin

Blackcap Sylvia atricapilla atricapilla

Greenish Warbler Phylloscopus trochiloides viridanus

Green Warbler Phylloscopus nitidus

Two-barred Greenish Warbler Phylloscopus plumbeitarsus

Arctic Warbler Phylloscopus borealis borealis

Pallas's Warbler Phylloscopus proregulus proregulus

Yellow-browed Warbler Phylloscopus inornatus inornatus

Hume's Yellow-browed Warbler Phylloscopus humei humei

Radde's Warbler Phylloscopus schwarzi

Dusky Warbler Phylloscopus fuscatus fuscatus

Western Bonelli's Warbler Phylloscopus bonelli

Eastern Bonelli's Warbler Phylloscopus orientalis

Wood Warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix

Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita collybita

Scandinavian Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita abietinus

Siberian Chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita tristis

Iberian Chiffchaff Phylloscopus brehmii

Willow Warbler Phylloscopus trochilus trochilus

Northern Willow Warbler Phyllocopus trochilus acredula

Eastern Willow Warbler Phyllocopus trochilus yakutensis

Goldcrest Regulus regulus regulus

Firecrest Regulus ignicapillus ignicapillus

Brown Flycatcher Muscicapa dauurica dauurica

Spotted Flycatcher Muscicapa striata striata

Red-breasted Flycatcher Ficedula parva parva

Mugimaki Flycatcher Ficedula mugimaki

Collared Flycatcher Ficedula albicollis

Pied Flycatcher Ficedula hypoleuca hypoleuca

Bearded Tit Panurus biarmicus biarmicus

British Long-tailed Tit Aegithalos caudatus rosaceus

Northern Long-tailed Tit Aegithalos caudatus caudatus

Continental Long-tailed Tit Aegithalos caudatus europaeus

English Marsh Tit Parus palustris dresseri

Continental Marsh Tit Parus palustris palustris

British Willow Tit Parus montanus kleinschmidti

Northern Willow Tit Parus montanus borealis

Scottish Crested Tit Parus cristatus scoticus

Northern Crested Tit Parus cristatus cristatus

Continental Crested Tit Parus cristatus mitratus

British Coal Tit Parus ater britannicus

Irish Coal Tit Parus ater hibernicus

Continental Coal Tit Parus ater ater

British Blue Tit Parus caeruleus obscurus

Continental Blue Tit Parus caeruleus caeruleus

British Great Tit Parus major newtoni

Continental Great Tit Parus major major

Red-breasted Nuthatch Sitta canadensis

Nuthatch Sitta europaea caesia

Wallcreeper Tichodroma muraria muraria

Treecreeper Certhia familiaris britannica

Northern Treecreeper Certhia familiaris familiaris

Short-toed Treecreeper Certhia brachydactyla -

Penduline Tit Remiz pendulinus pendulinus

Golden Oriole Oriolus oriolus oriolus

Brown Shrike Lanius cristatus -

Daurian Isabelline Shrike Lanius isabellinus isabellinus

Turkestan Isabelline Shrike Lanius isabellinus phoenicuroides

Red-backed Shrike Lanius collurio collurio

Long-tailed Shrike Lanius schach erythronotus

Lesser Grey Shrike Lanius minor

Great Grey Shrike Lanius excubitor excubitor

Steppe Grey Shrike Lanius meridionalis pallidirostris

Woodchat Shrike Lanius senator senator

Balearic Woodchat Shrike Lanius senator badius

British Jay Garrulus glandarius rufitergum

Irish Jay Garrulus glandarius hibernicus

Continental Jay Garrulus glandarius glandarius

Magpie Pica pica pica

Thick-billed Nutcracker Nucifraga caryocatactes caryocatactes

Slender-billed Nutcracker Nucifraga caryocatactes macrorhynchos

Chough Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax

Western Jackdaw Corvus monedula spermologus

Nordic Jackdaw Corvus monedula monedula

Russian Jackdaw Corvus monedula soemmerringii

House Crow Corvus spendens -

Rook Corvus frugilegus frugilegus

Carrion Crow Corvus corone corone

Hooded Crow Corvus cornix cornix

Raven Corvus corax corax

Daurian Starling Sturnus sturninus

Common Starling Sturnus vulgaris vulgaris

Shetland Starling Sturnus vulgaris zetlandicus

Rose-coloured Starling Sturnus roseus

House Sparrow Passer domesticus domesticus

Spanish Sparrow Passer hispaniolensis hispaniolensis

Tree Sparrow Passer montanus montanus

Rock Sparrow Petronia petronia petronia

Snow Finch Montifringilla nivalis -

Yellow-throated Vireo Vireo flavifrons

Philadelphia Vireo Vireo philadelphicus

Red-eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus olivaceus

British Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs gengleri

Continental Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs coelebs

Brambling Fringilla montifringilla

Serin Serinus serinus

Greenfinch Carduelis chloris chloris

Goldfinch Carduelis carduelis britannica

Siskin Carduelis spinus

Linnet Carduelis cannabina cannabina

Scottish Linnet Carduelis cannabina autochthona

British Twite Carduelis flavirostris pipilans

Hebridean Twite Carduelis flavirostris bensonorum

Northern Twite Carduelis flavirostris flavirostris

Lesser Redpoll Carduelis cabaret

Greenland Redpoll Carduelis flammea rostrata

Mealy Redpoll Carduelis flammea flammea

Icelandic Redpoll Carduelis flammea islandica

Coues' Redpoll Carduelis hornemanni exilipes

Hornemann's Redpoll Carduelis hornemanni hornemanni

Two-barred Crossbill Loxia leucoptera bifasciata

Common Crossbill Loxia curvirostra curvirostra

Scottish Crossbill Loxia scotica

Parrot Crossbill Loxia pytyopsittacus

Trumpeter Finch Bucanetes githagineus -

Common Rosefinch Carpodacus erythrinus erythrinus

Pine Grosbeak Pinicola enucleator enucleator

British Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula pileata

Northern Bullfinch Pyrrhula pyrrhula pyrrhula

Hawfinch Coccothraustes coccothraustes coccothraustes

Evening Grosbeak Hesperiphona vespertina vespertina

Black-and-white Warbler Mniotilta varia

Golden-winged Warbler Vermivora chrysoptera

Blue-winged Warbler Vermivora pinus

Tennessee Warbler Vermivora peregrina

Northern Parula Parula americana

Yellow Warbler Dendroica petechia aestiva

Chestnut-sided Warbler Dendroica pensylvanica

Blackburnian Warbler Dendroica fusca

Cape May Warbler Dendroica tigrina

Magnolia Warbler Dendroica magnolia

Myrtle Warbler Dendroica coronata coronata

Blackpoll Warbler Dendroica striata

Bay-breasted Warbler Dendroica castanea

American Redstart Setophaga ruticilla

Ovenbird Seiurus aurocapillus aurocapillus

Northern Waterthrush Seiurus noveboracensis

Common Yellowthroat Geothlypis trichas -

Hooded Warbler Wilsonia citrina

Wilson's Warbler Wilsonia pusilla -

Summer Tanager Piranga rubra rubra

Scarlet Tanager Piranga olivacea

Eastern Towhee Pipilo erythrophthalmus erythrophthalmus

Lark Sparrow Chondestes grammacus -

Ipswich Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis princeps

Savannah Sparrow Passerculus sandwichensis -

Eastern Fox Sparrow Passerella iliaca iliaca

Song Sparrow Melospiza melodia -

White-crowned Sparrow Zonotrichia leucophrys -

White-throated Sparrow Zonotrichia albicollis

Slate-coloured Junco Junco hyemalis hyemalis

Lapland Bunting Calcarius lapponicus lapponicus

Snow Bunting Plectrophenax nivalis nivalis

Icelandic Snow Bunting Plectrophenax nivalis insulae

Black-faced Bunting Emberiza spodocephala spodocephala

Pine Bunting Emberiza leucocephalos leucocephalos

Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella citrinella

Western Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella caliginosa

Cirl Bunting Emberiza cirlus

Rock Bunting Emberiza cia cia

Ortolan Bunting Emberiza hortulana

Cretzschmar's Bunting Emberiza caesia

Yellow-browed Bunting Emberiza chrysophrys

Rustic Bunting Emberiza rustica rustica

Little Bunting Emberiza pusilla

Chestnut Bunting Emberiza rutila

Yellow-breasted Bunting Emberiza aureola aureola

Reed Bunting Emberiza schoeniclus schoeniclus

Pallas's Reed Bunting Emberiza pallasi -

Red-headed Bunting Emberiza bruniceps

Black-headed Bunting Emberiza melanocephala

Corn Bunting Miliaria calandra calandra

Rose-breasted Grosbeak Pheucticus ludovicianus

Blue Grosbeak Guiraca caerulea -

Indigo Bunting Passerina cyanea

Lazuli Bunting Passerina amoena

Painted Bunting Passerina ciris -

Bobolink Dolichonyx oryzivorus

Brown-headed Cowbird Molothrus ater ater

Yellow-headed Blackbird Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus

Baltimore Oriole Icterus galbula .